oakes



3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

E. OAKES.

AERIAL GAR.

Patented Aug. 30 1870.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2'.

E. OAKES.

AERIAL GAR.

No. 106,862. Patented Aug. 30, 1870.

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3 Sheets-Sheet 3f E. OAKES, AERIAL GAR Patented Aug, 30, 1870.

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Leiters Patent No.` 106,862, dated August 30, 1870,; utcdated August 25, 1870..

IMPROVEMENT nr .AERIAL esas.

The Schedule referred to 1n then Letten Patent :url maklng pan; ofthe lume.

To all whom it m-ay concern:

Be it, known thut I, EDWARD GAKES, ot' Richmond, in the county of XVayne and State of Indiano, have invented a. new :md improved Flying Ship; and I do hereby declare that the following is full, clem', and exact description thereof, which `will enable others skilled inthe nrt to make and use the seme, reference being hud to the accompanying drawing forming part of this specilicntion. v

This invention relates to improvements iu vessels or ships for nuvigating or sailing through the nir while suspended in it by balloons.

The inventionconsists in the combination, with one. or more scmi-cylindrical balloons, preferably with pointed ends and tint bottoms, of'a. soil of peculiar construction, a pair oi' adjustable guiding-wheels or propellant, and one or more liiiing and depressingwheels, Vunder an improved annu ement, calculated to enable the operator to so guhe and control the ship as to cause itv to ascend and descend when required, und to nieve through the nir in ascending or descending planes, in any required direction, :is hereinafter specified.

Fignrel is a side elerution of my improved flying ship;

Figure 2 is n detail View of' n pmt ot' .the adjusting appnrntus 'for the lifting and lowering-wheel;

Figure 3 is a. transverse sectional elevation oi thes up;

Figure 4 is n plan view of the cur und propelling appara tus Figure 5 is o plan of the freine of the plane sides ofthe balloons; and

Figure 61s a side elevation of the operating :md holding-gear for the drum for holding zuid adjusting the cords by which the cnr is suspended from the sail or balloons. Similar let-tels of reference indicate corresponding parte.

1 employ two or more balloons, A' A, :dike iu construction and form, as the menus for lifting the ship. They are, preferably, semi-cylindrical, with pointed ends, B, und 'Het bottoms, but I muy employ cylindrical farms, with pointed ends, with good results.

The covering of the balloon may oe of vurnishcd silk, (ns shown in this exemple) rubber cloth, or nn y ofthe materials ordinarily used for that purpose, ci;- ceptnpon the bottom, which is-.covered by n. pluto of aluminum, or n thin plate of vother suitable metal may be used, the sinne being attached to fmmes C,

- mndc nse'of to insure the ilntncss of the bottom of the balloon, and to prevent its wllnpsing'whcn pressnre is thrown upon it during a descending movement ci' the ship.

, The balloons nre attached to n soil, D, by cords E E, which extend from thc edge of the balloon t-o longitudinal bars F, or stiiiening-ribs, which forni part of the homework o'f the sail, and they nre coupled together by cord G.

The snil D consists oi'n light rectangular frame ot' tnchcd o. series of wind-vaines or flops, H, mode of vulcanized Indio rubber, or such other material :is may be suitable t'or the purpose.

The flops H H are hinged nt their ibrwnrd edges ,to the frame, and their reni' or free edges nre nt'- tached to the frnme by cords I I, which are intended to prevent the flaps dropping too far.

Ilhe cords nre intended to he of such length :is to hold the flaps at 4nu angle of forty-tive' degrees' with the frame of, the sail during nu ascending movement ofthe ship.

The csr C* is suspended to the soil D by ropes and pulleys, in such manner us to nllow it to swing buckwnrd mul-ibrwnrd, or to suspend either cud at n greater or less dist-:nice from thc suih'nt the option of the operator, the bulloonsand snil assuming inclined directions in suoli cases.

shown in figs. 1 nud 4, and partly in dctnil in iig.

coiled n. suiiicicnt number ol` times to prevent sliping.

"he drums ure rigidly attached to the shaft L which bem-s upon one cud the toot-hed wheel M, which engages with the pinion N, rotated by menus of n crank.

The drums, being rotated, tnkc un the rope nt one side and pay it olf on the otl1cr,`thns onusing the can' to travel along thc rope, approaching one end oi' the snilondrcceding from the other end, thus changing the center of gij-wity and controlling the position of the sail l) and balloons A A in a. way to cause the elevation or depression oi' either cnd ot' the soil und bnlloons, the car remaining level.

'lo hold the dunne in place, und prevent their turning from accidental causes, puwls B B, iig. 6,

wheel M on either side.

Euch ot' these p'nwls has a. projection, 1", formed' upon it, which answers the purpose of ntrcadle, by menus of which it muy be disengaged by the foot oi' the operator, the pnwis being held to th'c foce of the wheels by-spirul springs 1t, placed underneath the treadle to disengage the pnwls upon both sides at once when l required, the trouille S having projections, S,'.which wood und metul, to the under sido of which is nt- The devices used io effect this movement nre.

J J are drums, around which the ropes K K are are so placed as to'cngage with theI teeth oi' tbel" A supplementary trendlc, S, enables the operator.

,I correspomlingwith the any desired position.

enga e with the treadles 12.2,' so as to raise the treu le Pat the side ofthe wheel opposite to theend';

on which the foot is pla-ced.

The cords '.l" T, figs. 1 and 3, nreintended to assist 'in supporting the cnr. They are attached to the ,said cnr'and sail at such relative points ns not to elect the horizontal position of the car in the various changes of position whioimay be given to the sail D and balloons A A Vby changing the cordsK.

O represents the lifting-wheel.

The fans U U are pi'voted upon radio1 arms, U', so as to turn freely. Y

A spider or spnnglc,

number oi' fans, .is placed .undernenth the venes. l '1A pitmnn, W, connects each of these nrms with its appropriate lnn.'

The shaft X is hollow, and the. rod Y passes -through it. Q

This rod has :t head2", formed upon its upper end, which runs in n socket provided for it in the hund wheel Z.

lSaid hand-wheel Z hasn projection upon the 'under side, within which n screw-thread is eut, which en gages with corresponding screw-thread formed uponV n projecting port oi' the frame Y, which supports the wheel.

The hand-wheel Z, being turned to the right or lefl-, moves `up or down, carrying the rod Y, nud spangle attnched, with it, and thus changes the pitch or' lay oi' the fous upon the nir. v

A lock-nut, a, is placed beneath the hnmi-wheel, to' secure itin :my desired position.

'jw'o cranks, lr, und enliable genrnvheels', are added in this example .to give motion to this wheel; also,

to the guiding-wheels. v i

The rod Y turns with' the shnft X, to insure its ro= tation.' EL' slot, d, is cut in the rod, which wol-lgs upon n pin, d, passed through the shaft X.

f l nud A represent 'the steering" n nd guidirnr-` wheels. These wheels are of the sante character es the liiting-wheei, already described, but governed in n diiierent manner.' y Y -lihc spengles' b'nrernsde to slide heck und forth upon the shnils 0*, end feathers d are i'ornzed upon the shells, end veri: in slots out in the strangle-hubs, and canse the spangles to revolve with the shaft. The position 'governed by levers'f,

vd intche upon the lsve'rsengege Awith n toothed segment, g, and hold them in lu the dmwingoniy one'of the levers is completed.

The. guiding-wheels A A a, iioni e pnlley,'Ai, connected to the driving-gear for tile lifting-wheel 0. This machine is planned upon the supposed principle 'that' bodies suspended in the air will move in the direction oi' the least resistance.

'- .lin accordance with this theory, I have endeavored to so consti-notait as to give, thc greatest possible horizientai eurcewith ear-little inisnzland end surface ns1 Alley oe pinetioahle.

lt is intended te pro el I thej msehinein' the seme manner ns sailingrhh epropei themselves, viz., by

' lli'rst working up tos'v height und then sailing down.

The sail D f'the principal 'ent relied upon to mmuniieA/ferward motioua'gto the ship. It is instructed so ne to present its entire shrines foo posetne =rerf; of air during s descending movetuent ot the ship, but to allow the dir to poss freely through during an ascending movement.

- The i'laps or wind-vanos, cg'vering theunder side oi" the saltare hinged to it so' 'as to be'opened und closed by the sctlorrof tile nir.

V, having n, number of arms oiihe'spanglee upon the shafts is are' propelled by belts'.

.Y liho balloons being properly iilled with zontoh and leisurelysails los,

. Ari-ascending movement opens these doors as much First, their opcningreduces thesurince of the uil, und enables the ship to ascend with a less expendil ture of power than would otherwise be required.

Second, their oblique position tends to move the ship forward during nn ascent.

-Thc semi-cylindrical balloons, with pointed ends and perfectly tiet bottom, are intended to a'ct as sails during descending movement, and, in connection' with thesnil D, impart a forward motion to the ship. By reason ci' the arrangement -oi' the suspending i devices oi' the om' Cl, the operator is enabled to move it ilu-wurd or backward at will, changing the center of gravity, and thereby controlling the lay of the sail and balloons upon the nir, so ns to allow either end of the balloon and soil to be elevated or depressed.

' The lifting-wheel 0 is constructed in such -munner as to enable the operator action upon the .aix-without stopping it or changing its direct-ion oi'rotntion.

The object oi'- this construction-of 'the' liltingfwllecl would he` more apparent-in ashlp having two or more such wheels. it is tu enable the ship to contend successfully with adverse currents of air, as all these changes can' be made in ning et s high speed.

und rear ends oi the cer, are also adiuliablo by u movement'. of' the may be modiiled or entirely' suspended, without stopping or reversing them, or interfering with thetiw power. The halioonsnre not intended to be of such eine es to lill; the entire weight ot the machine, but are to hoor such power only-ss may he necessnryto en-i eine the machine to rise when the lifting power oi' the wheel O is added thereunto, so thstfwhsn this wheel is not running/the ship will descend of itl own weight; but, in edect, the powei` of the wheel can beconsiderabiy'incmised, because it-cau be made to work downward in a descent, thus nearly doubling its powerA A Si,f 1 engine orother propelling medium is startd,aud the power-,applied to the ship rises gradually in 'the to the 'plane of the horizon, reverses the wheel, und

begins to' descend rapidly, oonveltlngnllitud'o into" Velocity, precisely as selling hirds'do.

han snilloient momentum in acquired, he changes the snil und balloons to a position more'nearlyhoalong until his momentum is expended, or until' too near the ground, or, when nnclerhendws-h'e niay set'the snil nroneriv und reuscend.'

WhenJ yit is desired to chnnge the direction of Hight, the steering-.wheels must be run in a. direction corresponn'ing with the effect desired.

' Having thus described my invention,

L claim as new and desire to secure by Letters- 'Peteurtend to convert the uptosuspend or reverse its,

the wheelwhile it is rnngoverning ever,` .to be made 'to work into the air in either direction, or their action. l

lifting-wheel, whereby thev aix-untih having. reached ony altitude sncient for. his purpose, the 0 mimi -sets the ssii and balloons, nttsohed at o bol angle l. The combination of' the balloons, sail, mi', lr.- 4. The combination with the pawls :1mi gelumg and propelling-wheels, substantially as herein de I wheel M, ofthe tx'eadle S, substantially npccicel. HCI'M. l The arrangement, with hc vanas, of the lift` 2. 'l`hf3'cornbimtun, with the balloons A and cur ing and guiding-wheels, of ille spiders, and the znl- G, afa sail constrncld and arranged substantially as jufst'ng-mfls Y or levers f, substantially as rspcciml. spucicd. EDWARD (BABIES.

S. Oui-ds 'K and T mid the mljusting-:-lruxns J, 0p- I crnln .g-,gcars and holding-paws 1, for simpnding The. i Vvtnegsscs: our from the sail for adjustment relntvel" tlwrptu, l GEO. S. DURFEE, substantially as specified. i J. K. WARREN. 

